This term refers to the general degeneration of the spine and the shock-absorbing intervertebral discs. It can strike the neck, the middle back, or the lower back. Thus, we have cervical (neck) spondylosis, thoracic (mid-back) spondylosis, and lumbar (lower back) spondylosis.
While the wear and tear associated with natural life and age are the primary causes of spondylosis some factors can exacerbate or even worsen the disease.
Malnutrition
Excessive use of alcohol and/ or smoking
Genetic predisposition, a family history of back pain, or congenital spine abnormalities
Lack of exercise
Unexpected or sudden trauma or injuries, like those which can happen in hard falls, high-impact sports, motor vehicle accidents, or during manual labor
Obesity
Conditions like bone spurs, herniated discs, degenerative disc disease, or facet joint osteoarthritis
X-rays can confirm a diagnosis. One test that is helpful, although not conclusive, is the one-legged hyperextension maneuver. For this, the patient stands on one leg in a position which hyperextends the lower back. This is repeated on the opposite side. If there is pain, it can indicate spondylosis.
There are two procedures which are done as part of one surgery:
The first is decompressive laminectomy, and this reduces inflammation and irritation in the affected area. However, it also increases spinal instability.
The second is a spinal fusion, to stabilize the affected area.
